When a disc herniates, a fragment of the spongy center of the disc protrudes through the outer ring. This is also referred to as a disc rupture, or a slipped disc. Depending on where the disc herniates, this can cause no symptoms, only back pain, or, if the fragment pinches a nerve, leg pain. When the leg pain radiates into the foot, it is often called sciatica. Sciatica is a syndrome consisting of pain, numbness, and weakness radiating into the leg in a specific pattern. Most cases of sciatica will resolve on their own, or with conservative treatment,temporary restriction of physical activity, exercises, physical therapy, or chiropractic treatment. Sometimes steroid injections into the spine will decrease the pain and aid in recovery.

If the leg pain persists more than 4-6 weeks, sometimes surgery is indicated. A small incision is made in the back, and using the microscope the fragment of disc is removed. This is referred to as a microdiscectomy, or a minimally invasive discectomy. It is usually an outpatient procedure, followed by a few weeks of restricted activity and cautious exercise, with recovery to normal activity. Your surgeon will discuss with you whether an operation is indicated, and available alternatives.